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Illinois practice guide

Find the protected basis and the unequal housing action

Spotting a protected class is not enough. Find the action too: different rent, false availability, a coded ad, delayed showing, ignored offer, neighborhood detour, or refusal to adjust a policy. Pair basis with conduct, then test each claimed exemption element.

Last updated: August 1, 2026

What skill does this practice set measure?

Short answer: Illinois fair housing law reaches sales, rentals, ads, showings, negotiation, screening, terms, services, lending, and appraisal. It adds protections beyond the federal floor, including source of income, immigration status, arrest record, ancestry, age, marital status, order-of-protection status, military-related statuses, pregnancy, and reproductive-health decisions. Use objective descriptions and consistent criteria, transmit offers, give truthful availability, never steer or blockbust, separate accommodations from modifications, and apply exemptions narrowly. Client instructions do not excuse discrimination, and advertising restrictions can survive a transaction exemption.

Official section
Illinois III.G: Illinois Human Rights Act and Fair Housing Advertising Rules
Broker weight
Part of the 25% Additional Illinois Laws and Regulations area
Expected scored items
The current PSI broker outline assigns about 10 of 40 state questions to Additional Illinois Laws and Regulations

The June 24, 2026 outline names the Illinois Human Rights Act and fair housing advertising rules. This page applies statewide law, IDHR guidance, the federal advertising rule, and license consequences through August 1, 2026. Federal law is a floor, and local ordinances can add protections. Case-specific screening, accommodation, exemption, and criminal-record issues may require legal review.

Ready to work the set?

These questions are original study items aligned to the published outline. They are not copied, recalled, or predicted PSI questions.

1. A landlord tells a broker to reject every applicant who uses a Housing Choice Voucher. What is the best Illinois answer?

  1. Refuse the blanket source-of-income restriction and use lawful, consistent screening
  2. Follow the instruction because vouchers are never income
  3. Publish no Section 8 to save time
  4. Accept vouchers only from families without children
Show answer and explanation

Answer: Refuse the blanket source-of-income restriction and use lawful, consistent screening

Illinois protects lawful source of income statewide. Reasonable screening can continue, but the income category cannot be rejected at the outset.

2. A broker directs a buyer toward selected neighborhoods based on the buyer's perceived religion. What conduct is this?

  1. Steering
  2. Blockbusting
  3. A reasonable accommodation
  4. An appraisal adjustment
Show answer and explanation

Answer: Steering

Steering channels a consumer's housing choices because of protected status. Blockbusting uses fear about protected entry to induce an owner to transact.

3. A tenant with a mobility disability requests an exception to the parking lottery for the closest space. What kind of request is this?

  1. A reasonable accommodation
  2. A physical modification
  3. Blockbusting
  4. A source-of-income waiver
Show answer and explanation

Answer: A reasonable accommodation

The request changes a policy to support equal use and enjoyment. It does not physically alter the premises.

4. A landlord approves a qualifying support dog and charges an extra refundable pet deposit. Which answer is best?

  1. The automatic extra charge is prohibited, though actual damage may be recovered
  2. The charge is lawful whenever refundable
  3. The landlord must ignore actual damage
  4. The dog can be approved only after purchase of pet insurance
Show answer and explanation

Answer: The automatic extra charge is prohibited, though actual damage may be recovered

Illinois separates an impermissible charge because of the qualifying dog from responsibility for damage the dog actually causes.

5. An owner qualifies for a narrow private transaction exemption. May the owner publish a discriminatory occupant preference?

  1. No, the main advertising prohibition still applies
  2. Yes, every transaction exemption eliminates advertising law
  3. Yes, if the preference appears only online
  4. Only when a broker writes the ad
Show answer and explanation

Answer: No, the main advertising prohibition still applies

Illinois preserves the advertising prohibition for the principal private-sale, small owner-occupied, and private-room exemptions.

Which answer habits should you watch for?

Trap
Memorizing the seven federal classes is enough for an Illinois question.
Correction
Illinois housing law protects additional bases, including source of income, immigration status, and arrest record.
Trap
A protected-class reference alone proves the complete violation.
Correction
Connect the protected basis to a covered housing action, criterion, statement, or unequal result.
Trap
No Section 8 is a lawful way to avoid program paperwork.
Correction
A blanket voucher rejection is a source-of-income limitation, and providers must cooperate with required approval steps.
Trap
A neutral policy can never require an accommodation.
Correction
A neutral rule may need a reasonable exception when necessary for a person with a disability to use and enjoy housing equally.
Trap
Accommodation and modification are interchangeable words.
Correction
Accommodation changes a rule or service; modification physically changes the premises.
Trap
A refundable pet deposit is allowed for every assistance animal.
Correction
The automatic extra charge is the problem even when refundable; actual damage remains separately recoverable.
Trap
An arrest record is the same as a conviction record.
Correction
The protected definition includes nonconviction arrests and specified juvenile, sealed, expunged, or impounded records.
Trap
Steering means any neighborhood recommendation.
Correction
The violation involves channeling based on protected status. Objective information and consumer-defined criteria are different.
Trap
Blockbusting concerns a buyer's home search.
Correction
Blockbusting induces owners to transact through fear about protected people entering the area.
Trap
No children is the same as a reasonable occupancy limit.
Correction
A neutral limit addresses how many occupants can live safely in a unit, not a blanket ban on minors.
Trap
A private transaction exemption always permits discriminatory advertising.
Correction
The Illinois advertising prohibition remains applicable to the main private exemptions.
Trap
Following the owner's instruction protects the broker.
Correction
A client cannot authorize unlawful discrimination. The broker must refuse, document, and involve the sponsor.

How should you reason through a difficult item?

The blanket voucher rejection

Scenario: A landlord tells the listing broker to reject every Housing Choice Voucher applicant because program inspections and paperwork take extra time.

  1. A voucher is a lawful source of housing support.
  2. Illinois protects source of income in housing statewide.
  3. Rejecting the whole category denies applicants a fair opportunity because of the income source rather than a neutral qualification result.

Answer: The broker should refuse the instruction, involve the sponsoring broker, and apply reasonable, lawful, consistent screening that accounts for the subsidy accurately.

The ad that describes people

Scenario: An owner wants an online listing to say, Quiet Christian building, ideal for a young professional, no children, no Section 8.

  1. The phrases communicate preferences or limitations based on several protected characteristics.
  2. Advertising can violate the Act before anyone applies or suffers a completed denial.
  3. The copy should describe the unit, price, objective terms, accessibility, and amenities instead of a desired occupant.

Answer: Do not publish the requested wording. Rewrite around property facts and document the refusal of the discriminatory instruction.

The neighborhood shortcut

Scenario: A buyer asks for a neighborhood where families like ours live. The broker infers the buyer's religion and shows homes only near houses of worship associated with that religion.

  1. The broker selected the search area using a protected characteristic.
  2. A vague consumer statement does not authorize protected-demographic steering.
  3. The broker can ask for objective criteria and provide neutral resources without choosing a religious composition for the buyer.

Answer: The selective showing is improper steering. Return control to the buyer through objective, consistently available criteria.

The assigned parking request

Scenario: A tenant with a mobility disability requests the closest parking space even though the building assigns parking by lottery. The provider denies the request because changing the lottery would be unfair to everyone else.

  1. The request changes a policy rather than physically altering the premises.
  2. An exception may be reasonably necessary for equal use and enjoyment.
  3. The provider should conduct an individualized accommodation analysis rather than rely on the fact that the policy is neutral on its face.

Answer: Treat it as a reasonable-accommodation request and evaluate necessity and lawful limits through the proper process.

The support-dog deposit

Scenario: A landlord approves a tenant's qualifying support dog but adds a $600 pet deposit. The landlord promises to refund it if the dog causes no damage.

  1. The extra upfront charge exists because of the qualifying dog.
  2. Illinois law bars that extra charge in the lease or rental agreement.
  3. The tenant can still be responsible for actual damage the dog later causes.

Answer: Remove the automatic pet deposit. Address proven damage through the ordinary lawful process if damage actually occurs.

The exempt transaction with a discriminatory ad

Scenario: An owner believes a small owner-occupied property meets a transaction exemption and advertises, Adults only, no families with children.

  1. A claimed exemption must satisfy every statutory element before it affects the transaction analysis.
  2. The main Illinois exemptions do not erase the advertising prohibition.
  3. The ad expresses a familial-status limitation rather than a neutral occupancy number.

Answer: The exemption does not make the discriminatory ad lawful. Replace the wording with objective property and lawful occupancy information.

The EQUAL method for Illinois fair housing questions

  1. Event: Name the ad, showing, application, screening, offer, service, appraisal, rule, or advice.
  2. Questioned basis: Use the full Illinois list and test actual or perceived status.
  3. Unequal result: Compare availability, criteria, timing, access, price, service, records, and reasons.
  4. Accommodation, modification, or animal: Choose the request type, cost rule, and individualized analysis.
  5. Limited exemption and licensee action: Prove each element, test advertising separately, refuse discrimination, document the process, and involve the sponsor.
Checkpoint
Age
Current rule
40 or older under the general IHRA definition
Exam warning
Do not invent a federal housing age class
Checkpoint
Source of income
Current rule
Lawful manner of support protected statewide
Exam warning
No blanket voucher rejection
Checkpoint
Immigration status
Current rule
Actual or perceived citizenship or immigration status
Exam warning
Use only lawful, consistent inquiries
Checkpoint
Arrest record
Current rule
Nonconviction arrest and specified protected records
Exam warning
Not identical to conviction
Checkpoint
Familial status
Current rule
Child under 18, pregnancy, or securing custody
Exam warning
Older-person exception is limited
Checkpoint
Accommodation
Current rule
Necessary policy, practice, rule, or service change
Exam warning
Generally provider responsibility
Checkpoint
Modification
Current rule
Necessary physical change to existing premises
Exam warning
Generally occupant expense
Checkpoint
Qualifying support dog
Current rule
No extra charge because of the dog
Exam warning
Actual damage remains recoverable
Checkpoint
Advertising
Current rule
No protected preference or limitation
Exam warning
Main private exemptions do not erase the ban
Checkpoint
Private home sale
Current rule
Strict elements including no broker services
Exam warning
Licensee involvement can defeat it

Which outline areas does this set sample?

Topic
Learning the Illinois housing list
What to know
Race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, age 40 or older, sex, marital status, order-of-protection status, disability, military status, sexual orientation and gender identity, pregnancy, reproductive-health decisions, unfavorable discharge, familial status, immigration status, source of income, arrest record, and perceived status
Best exam move
Use the complete Illinois list when the prompt says Illinois. The seven federal classes are not the whole state answer.
Topic
Pairing basis with conduct
What to know
Refuse sale or rental, make unavailable, different price, term, privilege, or service, withheld offer, refused negotiation, false availability, denied inspection, missing listing, discriminatory inquiry or criterion, purpose, effect, and causation
Best exam move
Identify both why the person was treated differently and what housing opportunity, term, or service changed.
Topic
Writing lawful advertising
What to know
Print, online listing, social media, sign, oral statement, image, symbol, selected media, targeting, preferred occupant, limitation, intent, result, property feature, price, bedrooms, accessibility, transit, and amenities
Best exam move
Describe the property and objective transaction terms rather than the owner's preferred resident.
Topic
Providing equal availability and access
What to know
Bona fide offer, transmission, listing, inspection, showing, appointment, waiting list, application, response time, negotiation, record, truthful availability, consistent process, false unavailable, and delay
Best exam move
Give each consumer the same truthful inventory, showing process, offer handling, and negotiation path regardless of protected status.
Topic
Recognizing steering
What to know
Neighborhood, school, religion, ethnicity, family composition, disability, protected demographics, discouragement, selective showing, map boundary, crime statement, subjective fit, consumer choice, objective source, equal menu, and proxy
Best exam move
Let the consumer define location priorities from objective information without using protected demographics to choose or order the homes.
Topic
Recognizing blockbusting
What to know
Solicitation, sale, rental, listing, protected people entering, fear, alarm, predicted decline, property value, neighborhood condition, call, mailing, inducement, panic selling, and entry
Best exam move
Reject any attempt to win business by warning owners that protected people will enter and harm value or the neighborhood.
Topic
Applying source-of-income protection
What to know
Lawful support, wages, pension, Social Security, veterans benefit, child support, maintenance, Housing Choice Voucher, assistance, subsidy, inspection, program document, fair opportunity, income calculation, reasonable standard, consistent screening, and no category rejection
Best exam move
Evaluate the applicant's ability under lawful, consistent standards without rejecting, discounting, or burdening the source itself.
Topic
Separating arrest and conviction
What to know
Arrest without conviction, juvenile record, sealed record, expunged record, impounded record, protected arrest record, conviction, individualized policy, relevance, evidence, consistent screening, pretext, and current legal review
Best exam move
Do not treat an arrest as proof of conviction or use a protected record as an automatic housing shortcut.
Topic
Protecting immigration status
What to know
Actual immigration status, perceived immigration status, citizenship, national origin, lawful authorized inquiry, document request, different burden, threat, retaliation, selective verification, and consistent eligibility process
Best exam move
Use only lawful, equally applied inquiries and never turn actual or perceived immigration status into a housing preference.
Topic
Protecting familial status and age
What to know
Child under 18, parent, legal custodian, designee, written permission, pregnancy, securing legal custody, age 40 or older, adults only, no children, safety rule, occupancy limit, housing for older persons, and narrow exception
Best exam move
A neutral occupancy standard regulates the number of people, not a blanket preference against children or families.
Topic
Analyzing accommodations
What to know
Disability, rule, policy, practice, service, request, necessity, equal opportunity, use and enjoyment, accessible parking, assistance animal, no-pet policy, provider cost, individualized review, evidence, direct threat, fundamental alteration, and no stereotype
Best exam move
Ask whether changing a policy is reasonably necessary, then evaluate lawful limits using individual facts rather than assumptions.
Topic
Analyzing modifications and design
What to know
Physical change, premises, occupant expense, restoration agreement, escrow, workmanlike manner, permit, customary deposit, covered multifamily dwelling, first occupancy after March 13 1991, accessible common area, door, route, reinforcement, and controls
Best exam move
Separate a physical alteration from a policy change, then determine cost, restoration, and design requirements.
Topic
Handling guide, hearing, and support dogs
What to know
Blind person, hearing-impaired person, physical disability, guide dog, hearing dog, support dog, bona fide offer, denial, different term, extra lease charge, extra sale charge, pet fee, pet deposit, actual damage, and individualized conduct
Best exam move
Reject the automatic charge because of the qualifying dog while preserving responsibility for actual premises damage.
Topic
Testing narrow exemptions
What to know
Private single-family sale, no more than three homes, last residence, no broker, no agent, owner-occupied four-family building, private room, temporary absence, occupancy limit, religious noncommercial housing, same-religion preference, older persons housing, sex-based room rental, advertising remains, and every element
Best exam move
Treat an exemption as a checklist. If one element fails, apply the general rule, and analyze the ad independently.
Topic
Choosing the broker response
What to know
Client instruction, refuse discrimination, sponsoring broker, written criteria, ad review, showing record, application record, offer transmission, objective source, fair process, documentation, IDHR charge, administrative order, adjudicated violation, Real Estate License Act discipline, and supervision
Best exam move
Stop the discriminatory instruction, explain the rule, document the issue, use consistent process, and involve the sponsoring broker or counsel.

What should you sort out before you begin?

Terms
Federal floor vs. Illinois protection
Difference
Federal fair housing law supplies national minimum classes and conduct rules. Illinois adds protected bases such as source of income, immigration status, arrest record, ancestry, age, marital status, and military-related protections.
Question cue
National minimum or broader Illinois rule?
Terms
Actual status vs. perceived status
Difference
Discrimination can rest on what a person actually is or what the actor believes. A mistaken assumption about a protected status does not automatically make unequal treatment lawful.
Question cue
Fact or belief can drive the conduct.
Terms
Protected basis vs. prohibited action
Difference
The protected basis answers why. The denial, different term, false availability, coded ad, steering, or other housing conduct answers what happened.
Question cue
Why and what must connect.
Terms
Steering vs. blockbusting
Difference
Steering channels a consumer's search based on protected status. Blockbusting frightens an owner into a transaction because protected people may enter the area.
Question cue
Direct the consumer or alarm the owner.
Terms
Property feature vs. occupant preference
Difference
Two bedrooms, accessible entrance, rent, and distance to transit describe the offering. Ideal for singles, Christian home, or no vouchers describes or excludes people.
Question cue
Home facts versus resident identity.
Terms
Source-of-income screening vs. source rejection
Difference
A provider may apply lawful, reasonable, consistent ability-to-pay standards. The provider may not reject the applicant simply because income comes from a protected lawful source.
Question cue
Neutral qualification versus category ban.
Terms
Arrest record vs. conviction
Difference
The protected arrest-record definition includes arrests without conviction and specified protected records. It does not make every conviction an arrest record.
Question cue
Allegation or adjudication?
Terms
Accommodation vs. modification
Difference
An accommodation changes a rule, policy, practice, or service and is generally the provider's responsibility. A modification physically changes existing premises and is generally paid for by the disabled person.
Question cue
Change the rule or change the structure?
Terms
Animal fee vs. actual damage
Difference
An automatic extra charge because of a qualifying guide, hearing, or support dog is prohibited. The person can remain responsible for damage the dog actually causes.
Question cue
Status-based upfront charge versus proven damage.
Terms
Transaction exemption vs. advertising rule
Difference
A private sale or small owner-occupied property may meet a narrow transaction exemption, but the Illinois statute keeps the advertising prohibition applicable to the main exemptions.
Question cue
The transaction may be exempt while the ad is not.

How should you review your results?

Session
1. Learn the Illinois list
Focus
Federal floor, Illinois additions, actual status, perceived status, source of income, immigration status, arrest record, age, marital status, military protections, pregnancy, and reproductive-health decisions
Proof you are ready
Write the complete Illinois housing list and circle every basis absent from the federal seven.
Session
2. Match basis to conduct
Focus
Denial, different term, false availability, delayed showing, withheld offer, screening, service, ad, steering, blockbusting, protected basis, comparison, and pretext
Proof you are ready
Analyze twenty scenarios by stating the basis, action, comparison, and compliant alternative.
Session
3. Fix ads and search practices
Focus
Property description, occupant preference, image, symbol, selective media, audience targeting, objective criteria, neighborhood information, consumer choice, equal menu, and records
Proof you are ready
Rewrite fifteen risky ads and repair ten steering scenarios using objective consumer-defined criteria.
Session
4. Separate disability duties
Focus
Accommodation, modification, assistance animal, necessity, individualized review, direct threat, provider cost, occupant cost, restoration, design, extra charge, and actual damage
Proof you are ready
Classify twenty requests and state the next lawful process step without using stereotypes.
Session
5. Test every exemption
Focus
Private sale, number of homes, owner occupancy, broker involvement, four-family property, private room, religious housing, older persons housing, sex-based room rental, advertising, and failed element
Proof you are ready
Work fifteen exemption checklists and analyze the ad separately every time.
Session
6. Apply EQUAL
Focus
Event, protected basis, unequal result, disability route, exemption, advertising, broker refusal, documentation, sponsorship, and consequence
Proof you are ready
Score at least 90% on a new Illinois fair housing set and explain why each distractor fails.

Do not count recognition as mastery. Close the notes and explain the rule, apply it to a new fact pattern, and identify why each distractor fails.

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Questions students ask about Illinois Fair Housing Practice Questions: 2026

What housing conduct does the Illinois Human Rights Act prohibit?

The Act prohibits housing denials, different terms, withheld offers, refused negotiation, false unavailability, discriminatory advertising, knowingly discriminatory listings, and unjustified criteria based on protected status. It also reaches steering, blockbusting, disability discrimination, and unequal sale or rental services.

Which classes are protected in Illinois housing?

Illinois housing protections include race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, age 40 or older, sex, marital status, order-of-protection status, disability, military status, sexual orientation including gender identity, pregnancy, reproductive-health decisions, unfavorable military discharge, familial status, immigration status, source of income, and arrest record. Actual and perceived status can matter under the statutory definitions.

Is source of income protected in Illinois housing?

Yes. Lawful source of income can include wages, retirement, child support, Social Security, veterans benefits, and housing assistance. A provider may use reasonable, consistently applied screening but cannot reject or discount an income category because it is a voucher or requires ordinary program participation.

Can an Illinois rental ad say no Section 8?

No. No Section 8, vouchers not accepted, and market-rate applicants only communicate a source-of-income limitation. Statewide protection has applied since January 1, 2023. The provider must offer a fair opportunity and cooperate with required approval steps rather than reject the source outright.

What is the difference between steering and blockbusting?

Steering channels a consumer toward or away from homes because of protected status. Blockbusting tries to induce an owner to transact by creating fear about protected people entering the area. One directs the consumer; the other alarms the owner.

What is a reasonable accommodation in housing?

It changes a rule, policy, practice, or service when reasonably necessary for a person with a disability to use and enjoy housing equally. Examples include accessible parking or a no-pet-policy exception for an assistance animal. The analysis is individualized.

Who pays for a reasonable disability modification?

A reasonable modification physically changes existing premises and is generally paid for by the disabled person. The provider generally bears an accommodation's operational cost. A reasonable restoration agreement may apply to a rental modification, but the provider cannot increase a customary security deposit because of disability.

Can an Illinois landlord charge a pet fee for a support dog?

The Act bars an extra lease, rental, or sale charge because a qualifying person has a guide, hearing, or support dog. The person can remain responsible for actual damage the dog causes. Separate an automatic animal charge from proven damage.

Does an owner-occupied building avoid every fair housing rule?

No. Illinois exemptions are narrow. The advertising prohibition still applies to the main private-sale, small owner-occupied, and private-room exemptions. Broker involvement can defeat the private single-family sale exemption. A transaction exception does not authorize a discriminatory ad.

Are these official Illinois fair housing exam questions?

No. These are original questions aligned to the Illinois Human Rights Act and advertising rules in the broker outline effective June 24, 2026. The Act, IDHR guidance, federal rule, and License Act were checked through August 1, 2026.

Primary sources

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