- Official section
- National VI.A.2 and Illinois: Listing contracts
- Broker weight
- 13% of the national broker portion
- Expected scored items
- Agency accounts for about 13 of 100 national items
Illinois exam glossary
Listing agreement
A listing agreement hires the brokerage. A purchase contract sells the property. Keeping those two documents separate solves half the exam traps. The rest come from reading the listing as an operating manual: who owns, who represents, what may be done, when compensation is earned, how long authority lasts, and what survives when the relationship ends.
Last updated: August 1, 2026
What does this exam area cover?
Short answer: A listing agreement is the written service contract through which an owner hires a sponsoring broker to market identified real estate for sale or lease. Illinois requires the writing before marketing or listing begins. The agreement names the parties and designated agents, identifies the property and price, defines duties and authority, states negotiable compensation and cooperating-broker amounts, sets duration and termination, and includes current required terms. An exclusive listing also carries Section 15-75 minimum services. It does not automatically authorize the agent to accept an offer or convey title.
This guide follows the PSI Illinois Candidate Information Booklet effective June 24, 2026, current 225 ILCS 454/1-10 and Sections 10-10, 15-15, 15-30, 15-50, and 15-75, and current 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1450.755, 1450.770, and 1450.775. Sources were checked through August 1, 2026, including Rule 1450.770 as amended July 13, 2026. Residential, commercial, leasing, auction, farm, new-construction, relocation, probate, receivership, foreclosure, bankruptcy, government, and entity listings can require different forms, authority evidence, disclosures, procurement rules, or court approval.
What is on the official outline?
- Topic
- Identify the agreement
- What to know
- listing, seller agreement, landlord agreement, property management, exclusive right, exclusive agency, open listing, net arrangement, auction listing, service contract, and sale contract distinction
- Best exam move
- Classify the brokerage service agreement before deciding authority or compensation.
- Topic
- Name the parties
- What to know
- sponsoring broker, seller, landlord, owner, joint owner, trustee, executor, guardian, corporation, LLC, authorized signatory, designated agent, and client
- Best exam move
- Require every necessary owner or properly authorized representative, not merely the person who called the agent.
- Topic
- Confirm ownership and authority
- What to know
- deed, title, joint tenancy, tenancy by entirety, trust, estate, power of attorney, entity resolution, court order, spouse, beneficial interest, signature authority, and approval condition
- Best exam move
- Separate authority to hire a broker from authority to sign a later sale or lease.
- Topic
- Meet the writing deadline
- What to know
- written agreement, physical, electronic, before marketing, before listing, presentation, verbal assent, coming soon, private network, MLS, sign, social media, and public advertising
- Best exam move
- Obtain the executed owner agreement before any marketing or listing activity begins.
- Topic
- Identify the property
- What to know
- street address, legal description, parcel, unit, parking space, storage, acreage, fixtures, exclusions, personal property, leasehold, multiple parcels, and accuracy
- Best exam move
- Ensure the service authority reaches exactly the interest the owner intends to market.
- Topic
- Set price and terms
- What to know
- list price, asking rent, seller net, lease term, deposit, financing preference, closing, possession, included items, excluded items, concessions, condition, and amendment
- Best exam move
- The list price is an invitation term, not authority for the agent to accept a buyer's offer.
- Topic
- Define marketing authority
- What to know
- MLS, photos, video, sign, internet, syndication, showing, lockbox, open house, broker cooperation, data accuracy, privacy, occupancy, and owner approval
- Best exam move
- Use only the marketing methods the agreement and law authorize.
- Topic
- Define negotiation authority
- What to know
- solicit offer, receive offer, present offer, communicate, counteroffer, recommendation, notice, client instruction, drafting limit, signature, acceptance, rejection, and ratification
- Best exam move
- Facilitating negotiation is not the same as possessing power to bind the client.
- Topic
- Compare listing types
- What to know
- exclusive right to sell, exclusive agency, open listing, net listing, sole representation, owner sale, competing brokers, procuring cause, compensation trigger, and written terms
- Best exam move
- Read who can produce the buyer and still trigger compensation.
- Topic
- Supply exclusive minimum services
- What to know
- accept delivery, present offers, counteroffers, assist development, communicate, negotiate, present notices, signed purchase, signed lease, contingencies, satisfied, waived, answer client questions, and no waiver
- Best exam move
- An Illinois exclusive agreement must preserve all three Section 15-75 service categories.
- Topic
- State compensation clearly
- What to know
- negotiable fee, percentage, flat fee, retainer, lease commission, minimum, bonus, basis, amount, time of payment, cooperating broker, other-party representative, tax, and closing statement
- Best exam move
- Compensation comes from agreement, not a customary rate or assumed MLS offer.
- Topic
- Define when compensation is earned
- What to know
- ready willing able, acceptable offer, executed contract, closing, owner default, buyer default, lease execution, procurement, procuring cause, condition, survival, and dispute
- Best exam move
- Separate when the fee is earned from when it is payable.
- Topic
- Amend compensation correctly
- What to know
- amount change, payment time, written amendment, signed parties, listing broker, owner, purchase contract, lease form, seller concession, cooperating amount, version, and delivery
- Best exam move
- Never use the buyer-seller contract to rewrite the owner-broker fee agreement.
- Topic
- Designate the agent
- What to know
- sponsoring broker, named licensee, one or more agents, legal agent, exclusion of affiliates, disclosure, substitution, team, confidentiality, supervision, and client copy
- Best exam move
- The sponsoring broker is the agreement party; the named sponsored licensee represents the owner.
- Topic
- Perform seller-client duties
- What to know
- agreement performance, best interest, acceptable terms, timely offers, known material transaction facts, accounting, lawful instructions, care, confidentiality, compliance, and contemporaneous offers
- Best exam move
- Apply Section 15-15 throughout the active listing.
- Topic
- Include fair-housing language
- What to know
- required statement, owner, licensee, refusal to show, refusal to display, refusal to sell, refusal to lease, Illinois Human Rights Act, protected class, lawful advertising, and compliance
- Best exam move
- Expect the current anti-discrimination statement in the brokerage agreement itself.
- Topic
- Set duration and expiration
- What to know
- start date, automatic expiration, no automatic renewal, term, extension, longer than one year, annual termination right, 30 days prior written notice, calendar, and amendment
- Best exam move
- Find the fixed ending or the current annual exit right for a longer term.
- Topic
- Apply the protection period
- What to know
- tail clause, identified prospect, broker activity, notice list, post-expiration sale, post-expiration lease, duration, residential, four units or fewer, new valid written agreement, another sponsoring broker, and no prior fee
- Best exam move
- Apply the current residential new-broker agreement exception before awarding tail compensation.
- Topic
- Terminate the listing
- What to know
- expiration, mutual release, breach, revocation, renunciation, destruction, death, incapacity, operation of law, sponsor suspension, sponsor revocation, pending contract, key return, and final accounting
- Best exam move
- Separate power to end the relationship from liability for ending it in breach.
- Topic
- Retain the file
- What to know
- signed agreement, amendments, agency disclosure, compensation discussion, advertisements, photos, offers, counteroffers, rejections, disclosures, showing records, protection list, termination, electronic backup, and five years
- Best exam move
- Preserve the agreement and transaction evidence for the current Illinois retention period.
Which distinctions produce the most mistakes?
- Terms
- Listing agreement vs. purchase contract
- Difference
- The listing hires the sponsoring broker. The purchase contract creates the buyer-seller property bargain.
- Question cue
- Service relationship versus sale transaction.
- Terms
- Listing agreement vs. deed
- Difference
- A listing authorizes brokerage services. A deed is the instrument used to convey legal title.
- Question cue
- Market authority versus title transfer.
- Terms
- Listing presentation vs. listing agreement
- Difference
- A presentation seeks the owner's business. The signed agreement creates the written brokerage relationship and marketing authority.
- Question cue
- Sales pitch versus contract.
- Terms
- Exclusive right vs. exclusive agency
- Difference
- Exclusive right ordinarily earns compensation regardless of who finds the buyer. Exclusive agency commonly preserves an owner-produced-buyer exception.
- Question cue
- Every source versus owner exception.
- Terms
- Exclusive listing vs. open listing
- Difference
- Exclusive listing gives one sponsoring broker the sole representation right. Open listing permits multiple brokers and usually pays the broker who earns the result.
- Question cue
- One brokerage versus multiple opportunities.
- Terms
- List price vs. sale price
- Difference
- List price is the owner's initial marketing position. Sale price is the amount ultimately accepted in a binding buyer-seller agreement.
- Question cue
- Asking term versus agreed term.
- Terms
- Negotiation authority vs. acceptance authority
- Difference
- Negotiation authority permits communication and proposals. Acceptance authority permits the agent to bind the owner and must be separately established.
- Question cue
- Discuss terms versus make contract.
- Terms
- Compensation earned vs. compensation payable
- Difference
- Earned identifies when the broker satisfies the contractual condition. Payable identifies when money is due under the agreement.
- Question cue
- Right arises versus payment date.
- Terms
- Commission amendment vs. seller concession
- Difference
- A commission amendment changes the owner-broker agreement. A seller concession changes transaction economics between seller and buyer, subject to lender rules.
- Question cue
- Brokerage pay versus buyer-seller credit.
- Terms
- Expiration vs. termination
- Difference
- Expiration occurs at the agreed end date. Termination ends the relationship through another event before or apart from ordinary expiry.
- Question cue
- Clock ends versus relationship otherwise ends.
- Terms
- Duration vs. protection period
- Difference
- Duration is the active listing. The protection period is a limited post-listing compensation provision tied to later transactions.
- Question cue
- Active service versus tail claim.
- Terms
- Revocation power vs. breach liability
- Difference
- An owner may have power to revoke authority, but premature revocation can still breach the contract and create damages or fee issues.
- Question cue
- Can end versus can end without consequence.
The L-I-S-T-I-N-G check
- Legal parties: verify the sponsoring broker, every owner, authorized signers, designated agents, ownership form, entity or trust authority, and the exact property interest.
- Instructions: capture list price, property terms, marketing permissions, showing access, offer handling, communication, lawful limits, confidentiality, and seller disclosure responsibilities.
- Services and scope: classify listing type, exclusivity, Section 15-75 minimum services, lease or sale objective, negotiation authority, form limits, and any property-management work.
- Terms of compensation: state basis, amount, payment time, cooperating-broker amount, earning event, default effect, bonuses, expenses, written amendment method, and no purchase-contract shortcut.
- Intervals: identify start, automatic expiration, longer-than-one-year annual exit, 30-day notice, extensions, termination methods, and every protection-period condition.
- Notice and compliance: include agency designation, compensation policy, fair-housing language, property disclosures, required signatures, true copies, records, supervision, and electronic controls.
- Go to market only after execution: confirm the writing before MLS, signs, photos, public or private advertising, open houses, syndication, or broker outreach begins.
- Listing type
- Exclusive right
- Owner finds buyer
- Fee commonly still due
- Core fee question
- Did sale occur in term?
- Listing type
- Exclusive agency
- Owner finds buyer
- Owner exception may apply
- Core fee question
- Who produced buyer?
- Listing type
- Open listing
- Owner finds buyer
- Owner often owes no fee
- Core fee question
- Which broker earned result?
- Listing type
- Net arrangement
- Owner finds buyer
- Owner states desired net
- Core fee question
- What does writing and law allow?
- Listing type
- Expired with protection
- Owner finds buyer
- Tail clause may apply
- Core fee question
- Prospect and exception satisfied?
- Listing type
- New broker during residential tail
- Owner finds buyer
- Current exception may bar old fee
- Core fee question
- Valid new written agreement?
How do the rules work in scenarios?
Marketing before signing
Scenario: A seller verbally approves price and fee Monday night. The agent posts the home in a private broker network Tuesday morning and plans to collect signatures Tuesday afternoon.
- Current Illinois law requires the brokerage agreement in writing.
- Rule 1450.770 places writing before marketing or listing.
- A private network post is still marketing activity.
Answer: The agent began marketing too early.
Exclusive right and owner buyer
Scenario: During an exclusive-right term, the owner independently sells to a coworker. The agreement states compensation is earned on any sale during the term and contains no coworker exclusion.
- One sponsoring broker holds the exclusive right.
- The fee trigger reaches any sale during the term.
- Owner production does not create an unstated exception.
Answer: The agreed compensation is ordinarily earned on the stated facts.
Exclusive agency and owner buyer
Scenario: An exclusive-agency listing expressly excludes compensation when the owner alone produces the buyer. The owner locates a neighbor without broker involvement and closes during the term.
- The agreement preserves an owner-sale exception.
- No broker produced the neighbor on the stated facts.
- The written compensation trigger controls.
Answer: The owner exception can prevent a commission under the stated terms.
Exclusive services waived
Scenario: A form calls itself exclusive but says the broker will not accept or present counteroffers, assist negotiation, or answer contingency questions.
- Section 15-75 requires those service categories.
- The form attempts to waive core minimum services.
- The current rule treats an agreement omitting or waiving them as nonexclusive.
Answer: The agreement does not qualify for exclusive treatment.
Agent accepts without authority
Scenario: A buyer offers full list price. Without calling the seller, the listing agent signs acceptance in the seller's name because the listing is exclusive.
- List price does not make an offer self-accepting.
- Exclusivity gives representation rights, not signature authority.
- The seller retains the contract decision absent separate power.
Answer: The agent lacked acceptance authority on the stated facts.
Fee changed in purchase addendum
Scenario: The seller and listing broker agreed to one fee. The agent later inserts a lower fee in the buyer-seller purchase addendum but obtains no signed amendment from the sponsoring broker and seller.
- The fee belongs to the brokerage agreement.
- Amount and payment-time changes require a signed written amendment by its parties.
- Rule 1450.770 bars the real estate contract shortcut.
Answer: The purchase addendum does not properly amend the listing fee.
Two-flat protection period
Scenario: A two-flat listing expires with a protection clause. During the tail period, the owner enters a valid written listing with another sponsoring broker and then sells to a prospect from the first listing.
- The property is residential with four units or fewer.
- A valid new written brokerage agreement exists during the protection period.
- The current rule requires the old clause to eliminate the former commission in that situation.
Answer: The former brokerage cannot collect under that protection clause on the stated facts.
What are the common exam traps?
- Trap
- Calling the listing a sale contract
- Correction
- The listing hires the brokerage; the purchase contract binds buyer and seller.
- Trap
- Starting with verbal permission
- Correction
- Obtain the written seller or owner agreement before marketing or listing.
- Trap
- Naming only the individual agent
- Correction
- The sponsoring broker is the agreement party and the sponsored licensee is designated.
- Trap
- Ignoring missing owner signatures
- Correction
- Verify every owner and signer's authority for the property interest.
- Trap
- Equating exclusive with power to sell
- Correction
- Exclusivity concerns representation and compensation, not automatic power to accept or convey.
- Trap
- Treating list price as an offer
- Correction
- A full-price buyer proposal still requires seller acceptance unless a special legal structure says otherwise.
- Trap
- Assuming one standard commission
- Correction
- Compensation is negotiable and must be stated in the agreement.
- Trap
- Using the purchase contract to change pay
- Correction
- Use a signed written brokerage-agreement amendment for amount or payment-time changes.
- Trap
- Waiving exclusive minimum services
- Correction
- Omission or waiver prevents exclusive treatment under the current rule.
- Trap
- Confusing earned and payable
- Correction
- Read the separate contractual event for each question.
- Trap
- Using an indefinite term
- Correction
- Apply automatic expiration or the current annual 30-day written termination right for longer terms.
- Trap
- Ignoring the fair-housing clause
- Correction
- Current Illinois agreements include the required anti-discrimination statement.
- Trap
- Assuming every tail earns a fee
- Correction
- Test prospect, timing, property type, clause language, and the new-broker residential exception.
- Trap
- Saying revocation is consequence-free
- Correction
- Power to end authority does not eliminate possible contract liability for wrongful early termination.
- Trap
- Discarding expired files
- Correction
- Retain agreements and transaction records for the current five-year Illinois period.
Can you answer these original practice questions?
These questions are original study items aligned to the published outline. They are not copied, recalled, or predicted PSI questions.
1. What does a listing agreement create?
- A brokerage service relationship with an owner
- Automatic transfer of title
- A mortgage lien
- A buyer-seller sale contract
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A brokerage service relationship with an owner
The later purchase or lease agreement is a different contract.
2. When must an Illinois seller agreement be written?
- Before marketing or listing
- After the first offer
- At closing
- After the inspection
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Before marketing or listing
Rule 1450.770 makes that sequence explicit.
3. Which listing commonly pays regardless of who finds the buyer?
- Exclusive right to sell
- Open listing
- No brokerage agreement
- Buyer agreement
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Exclusive right to sell
The exact written trigger and any exclusion still control.
4. Which listing commonly preserves an owner-sale exception?
- Exclusive agency
- Exclusive right to sell
- Property deed
- Mortgage commitment
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Exclusive agency
Read the agreement to confirm the actual exception.
5. Must an open Illinois listing be written?
- Yes
- No
- Only after an offer
- Only for leases
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Yes
Current law requires all brokerage agreements to be written.
6. Does exclusive listing authority let the agent accept an offer for the seller?
- No
- Yes
- Only at list price
- Only for cash
Show answer and explanation
Answer: No
Binding authority must be separately granted.
7. Where should a listing commission change appear?
- A signed written amendment to the brokerage agreement
- A buyer-seller purchase form only
- An oral call
- The property tax bill
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A signed written amendment to the brokerage agreement
The agreement parties must sign changes to amount or payment time.
8. What happens if an exclusive listing waives Section 15-75 services?
- It is treated as nonexclusive under the current rule
- It becomes a deed
- It automatically renews
- It doubles the fee
Show answer and explanation
Answer: It is treated as nonexclusive under the current rule
Exclusive status requires the statutory minimum-service package.
9. What is a protection period?
- A limited post-listing compensation clause
- A title insurance policy
- A home inspection
- A tax proration
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A limited post-listing compensation clause
Its prospect, timing, and current residential exceptions must be satisfied.
10. How long must Illinois brokerage transaction records generally be retained?
- Five years
- One week
- Six months
- Forever
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Five years
Rule 1450.755 governs current retention and electronic backup requirements.
How should you study this area?
- Session
- Session 1
- Focus
- Separate the contracts
- Proof you are ready
- Classify 40 listing, purchase, lease, property-management, deed, mortgage, power-of-attorney, seller-disclosure, compensation-amendment, and protection-clause documents.
- Session
- Session 2
- Focus
- Compare listing types
- Proof you are ready
- Audit 35 exclusive-right, exclusive-agency, open, net, owner-produced, broker-produced, procuring-cause, term-sale, and fee-trigger scenarios.
- Session
- Session 3
- Focus
- Master Illinois required terms
- Proof you are ready
- Review 40 writing-timing, parties, property, list-price, compensation, cooperating amount, designation, signatures, duties, duration, fair-housing, and expiration facts.
- Session
- Session 4
- Focus
- Control authority and service
- Proof you are ready
- Audit 35 marketing, showing, MLS, offer, counteroffer, negotiation, signature, acceptance, minimum-service, client-instruction, confidentiality, and disclosure questions.
- Session
- Session 5
- Focus
- Handle money and endings
- Proof you are ready
- Review 35 earned, payable, amendment, purchase-form prohibition, expiration, revocation, breach, protection period, new broker, residential-unit, accounting, and record scenarios.
- Session
- Session 6
- Focus
- Run L-I-S-T-I-N-G
- Proof you are ready
- Audit two complete Illinois listing files, score at least 90 percent, and state parties, instructions, services, compensation, intervals, compliance, and launch timing aloud.
Do not count recognition as mastery. Close the notes and explain the rule, apply it to a new fact pattern, and identify why each distractor fails.
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Questions students ask about Listing Agreement: Illinois Real Estate Exam Guide
What is a listing agreement in real estate?
A listing agreement is the brokerage service contract between an owner and a sponsoring broker for marketing or leasing identified real estate. It sets the parties, designated agents, property, list price or asking rent, services, authority, compensation, duration, termination, and other terms. It is not the later purchase contract between seller and buyer and does not itself convey title.
Must an Illinois listing agreement be written?
Yes. Current Illinois law requires all brokerage agreements to be written. Rule 1450.770 also requires a licensee to enter a written agreement with a seller or owner before marketing or listing the property for sale or lease. A presentation or fee discussion can precede signing, but a coming-soon post, MLS entry, sign, public advertisement, or active marketing cannot start first.
What must an Illinois listing agreement contain?
The current rule requires the list price; compensation basis or amount and payment time; amounts paid to cooperating brokers who represent other parties; names of the sponsoring broker, designated agents, and owner or authorized signer; property address or legal description; required signatures; broker or leasing-agent duties; duration and expiration terms; and the required fair-housing statement. The complete current rule controls exact wording and alternatives.
What is an exclusive-right-to-sell listing?
It gives one sponsoring broker the exclusive right to represent the owner and ordinarily makes the agreed compensation payable if a sale occurs during the term, whether the buyer is produced by the listing broker, a cooperating broker, or the owner. Exact earning conditions, exclusions, breach terms, and protection provisions come from the writing and governing law.
How is an exclusive-agency listing different?
Exclusive agency appoints one listing brokerage but commonly preserves an owner-sale exception. The broker may earn compensation when the broker or another cooperating broker produces the buyer, while a transaction created solely through the owner's own efforts may avoid the listing fee if the agreement says so. Do not confuse the label with a guarantee; read the compensation trigger.
What is an open listing?
An open listing is nonexclusive. An owner may work with several brokers and can often sell independently. Compensation generally goes to the broker who earns it under the agreement, commonly by becoming the procuring cause of the completed transaction. Current Illinois law still requires the brokerage agreement to be written even though it is nonexclusive.
What minimum services must an exclusive Illinois listing include?
Section 15-75 requires the sponsoring broker, through sponsored licensees, to accept and present offers and counteroffers; assist the client with developing, communicating, negotiating, and presenting offers, counteroffers, and related notices until an agreement is signed and contingencies are satisfied or waived; and answer the client's questions about those matters. Under the current rule, omission or waiver defeats exclusive treatment.
Does a listing agreement let the agent sign or accept a sale contract?
Not ordinarily. A listing grants the marketing and negotiation authority stated in the agreement, but authority to bind the owner, sign a purchase contract, execute a deed, or direct a legal disposition requires separate valid authority. A power of attorney, entity resolution, court order, or another instrument may supply power, but a favorable offer or exclusive listing alone does not.
Can the purchase contract change the listing commission?
No. Rule 1450.770 requires a change to the agreed compensation amount or payment time to be in writing and signed by the parties to the brokerage agreement. A licensee may not use a real estate purchase or lease form to change those previously agreed terms. Keep the service contract and property contract legally distinct.
What is a listing protection period?
It is a limited post-termination clause that can preserve a compensation claim when a transaction occurs with a prospect connected to the broker's work during the listing. Current Rule 1450.770 requires special language for residential property of four units or fewer: no commission or fee is due under the former agreement if the owner enters a valid written brokerage agreement with another sponsoring broker during the protection period.
Are these official PSI questions or legal advice?
No. The practice questions are original. The PSI Illinois outline, current statutes, and current rules were checked through August 1, 2026, including Rule 1450.770 as amended July 13, 2026. This is exam education, not legal, brokerage, compensation, procuring-cause, fair-housing, agency, tax, or transaction advice. A live listing requires the signed agreement, all owners and authority documents, property facts, disclosures, compensation policy, marketing approvals, amendments, prospect records, termination evidence, and sponsoring-broker supervision.
Primary sources
- PSI Illinois Candidate Information Booklet effective June 24, 2026
- Illinois General Assembly, 225 ILCS 454/1-10 current brokerage-agreement, client, compensation, and designated-agency definitions
- Illinois General Assembly, 225 ILCS 454/15-15 duties to listing clients
- Illinois General Assembly, 225 ILCS 454/15-30 duties after listing termination or expiration
- Illinois General Assembly, 225 ILCS 454/15-50 written brokerage agreements and designated agency
- Illinois General Assembly, 225 ILCS 454/15-75 exclusive-agreement minimum services
- Illinois General Assembly, 225 ILCS 454/10-10 compensation policy, sources, interests, and both-side payment disclosures
- Illinois Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1450.770, amended July 13, 2026
- Illinois Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1450.755 transaction records and five-year retention
- Illinois Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1450.775 signed physical and electronic agreements
- Illinois General Assembly, 5 ILCS 175/5-120 electronic records and signatures
- Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, brokerage core curriculum
The current official outline controls the tested scope. Statutes, regulations, and official agency materials control when a general study rule and a jurisdiction-specific rule differ.
Editorial status
Checked against primary sources
The Pass Illinois editorial team last checked this guide on August 1, 2026. Every practice question is an original study item, and the source links above let you verify the rules that support the lesson.