- Official section
- National III: Valuation
- Broker weight
- 8% of the national broker portion
- Expected scored items
- Valuation accounts for about 8 of 100 items
Illinois exam glossary
Appraisal
An appraisal is not a number pulled from nearby sales. It is a defined assignment that connects a property interest, value question, date, market evidence, analysis, and written conclusion. The exam rewards students who can keep every link in that chain straight.
Last updated: August 1, 2026
What does this exam area cover?
Short answer: An appraisal is an independent and impartial value opinion for an identified property interest, intended use, intended users, value definition, and effective date. The appraiser defines the problem, chooses a credible scope of work, collects and verifies data, analyzes highest and best use, applies relevant approaches, reconciles the evidence, and communicates the result. An appraisal is not a CMA, BPO, AVM, home inspection, tax assessment, contract price, or loan approval.
This guide follows the PSI Illinois Candidate Information Booklet effective June 24, 2026, current federal appraisal and valuation-copy rules, Illinois appraiser and broker law, IDFPR licensing information, and The Appraisal Foundation materials checked through August 1, 2026. The current USPAP edition is the 2024 edition. Its lack of an expiration date does not freeze practice rules: applicable statutes, regulations, client requirements, secondary-market guides, and USPAP guidance can still change.
What is on the official outline?
- Topic
- The appraisal question
- What to know
- Subject property, client, intended users, intended use, value definition, effective date, relevant characteristics, property interest, assignment conditions, jurisdiction, and communication format
- Best exam move
- Define the question before selecting data or calculating value.
- Topic
- Property interest appraised
- What to know
- Fee simple, leased fee, leasehold, condominium ownership, cooperative interest, easement, life estate, remainder, partial interest, air rights, mineral rights, and other identified rights
- Best exam move
- Ask what legal interest is valued instead of assuming the entire physical property.
- Topic
- Value definition and premise
- What to know
- Market value, investment value, use value, insurable value, liquidation value, assessed value, prospective value, retrospective value, assumptions, and conditions attached to the definition
- Best exam move
- Do not substitute a market-value answer when the assignment asks a different value question.
- Topic
- Effective date
- What to know
- Current date, retrospective date, prospective date, contract date, closing date, death date, taking date, damage date, inspection date, report date, and market conditions as of the stated date
- Best exam move
- Anchor every fact and comparable to the date the opinion applies.
- Topic
- Intended use and intended users
- What to know
- Credit decision, purchase, sale, estate, divorce, tax, insurance, condemnation, litigation, portfolio, internal planning, named users, reliance, distribution, and use limitations
- Best exam move
- The person who receives or pays for a report is not automatically the client or an intended user.
- Topic
- Scope of work
- What to know
- Research depth, inspection extent, data sources, verification, market area, time period, approaches developed, specialists, assumptions, exclusions, report detail, credibility, and disclosure
- Best exam move
- Scope must be sufficient for credible results in the actual problem, not merely the least expensive process.
- Topic
- Property observation
- What to know
- Exterior, interior, desktop, hybrid data, third-party collection, measurements, photographs, condition, quality, updates, deferred maintenance, safety observation, inaccessible areas, and limitations
- Best exam move
- An inspection is one possible appraisal task, not the appraisal itself and not a guarantee of condition.
- Topic
- Data collection and verification
- What to know
- Public records, deeds, surveys, leases, tax records, zoning, permits, MLS, listing history, contracts, concessions, transaction parties, operating statements, comparable facts, and market trends
- Best exam move
- A database entry becomes useful evidence only after its relevance and reliability are tested.
- Topic
- Market and neighborhood analysis
- What to know
- Supply, demand, inventory, absorption, marketing time, financing, concessions, land use, employment, population, access, services, hazards, boundaries, property type, and competitive segment
- Best exam move
- Analyze the market that competes for the subject, not a boundary chosen only for convenience.
- Topic
- Highest and best use
- What to know
- Legally permissible, physically possible, financially feasible, maximally productive, as vacant, as improved, interim use, excess land, surplus land, demolition, conversion, and consistency
- Best exam move
- Test the use sequence before valuing the improvements as though their present use must continue.
- Topic
- Sales comparison approach
- What to know
- Competitive sales, listings, pending sales, property rights, financing, conditions of sale, market conditions, location, site, design, quality, condition, utility, adjustments, and reconciliation
- Best exam move
- Adjust comparable evidence toward the subject and support the adjustment from market behavior.
- Topic
- Cost approach
- What to know
- Land value, replacement cost, reproduction cost, direct cost, indirect cost, entrepreneurial incentive, physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, external obsolescence, and depreciated improvement value
- Best exam move
- Add land value to depreciated improvement value, with other components handled as the problem directs.
- Topic
- Income approach
- What to know
- Potential gross income, vacancy, collection loss, other income, effective gross income, operating expenses, net operating income, direct capitalization, yield analysis, market rent, and capitalization rate
- Best exam move
- Use property income before debt service and taxes on the owner's income when calculating NOI.
- Topic
- Reconciliation
- What to know
- Approach applicability, evidence quality, evidence quantity, reliability, relevance, consistency, range, weighting, judgment, rounding, final opinion, and explanation
- Best exam move
- Reconcile by reasoning, never by blindly averaging the approach indications.
- Topic
- The appraisal report
- What to know
- Subject, client, intended use, intended users, property rights, value definition, effective date, scope, data, analyses, assumptions, limiting conditions, opinion, certification, signature, credentials, and exhibits
- Best exam move
- The report communicates assignment results; it does not replace the analysis required to develop them.
- Topic
- Independence and impartiality
- What to know
- No predetermined result, no target-value advocacy, no contingent fee based on value, lender firewalls, factual corrections, reconsideration of value, pressure, coercion, conflicts, and objective support
- Best exam move
- Provide relevant facts without directing the appraiser to reach the contract price.
- Topic
- Competency and technology
- What to know
- Property type, market, method, law, data tools, AVM, regression, artificial intelligence, third-party data, validation, confidentiality, bias, output review, workfile, and appraiser responsibility
- Best exam move
- Technology can assist the assignment, but the appraiser remains responsible for credible and compliant work.
- Topic
- Illinois credential structure
- What to know
- Associate trainee, certified residential, certified general, temporary practice, supervising appraiser, IDFPR, credential status, scope, education, experience, examination, renewal, discipline, and AMC registration
- Best exam move
- Match the person and assignment to the credential and supervision rules that actually apply.
- Topic
- Broker valuation boundary
- What to know
- CMA, BPO, permitted purpose, written purpose, methodology, assumptions, interest disclosure, broker name, license number, signature, required disclaimer, appraisal prohibition, and mortgage-origination limitation
- Best exam move
- A broker may prepare a compliant CMA or BPO, but may not relabel it or hold it out as an appraisal.
- Topic
- Lending and consumer boundary
- What to know
- Creditor, borrower, client, intended user, appraisal fee, report copy, Regulation B, first lien, dwelling, underwriting, review, value acceptance, appraisal contingency, appraisal gap, waiver, and loan decision
- Best exam move
- Separate the appraiser's value opinion from the creditor's underwriting decision and the parties' contract rights.
Which distinctions produce the most mistakes?
- Terms
- Appraisal vs. appraisal report
- Difference
- The appraisal is the valuation process and resulting opinion. The report is the communication of that assignment result to intended users.
- Question cue
- Development versus communication.
- Terms
- Appraisal vs. CMA
- Difference
- An appraisal is performed under appraisal law and standards for a defined assignment. A CMA is a broker's comparative pricing analysis for a permitted brokerage purpose and is not an appraisal.
- Question cue
- Appraiser product versus broker pricing product.
- Terms
- Appraisal vs. BPO
- Difference
- An appraisal develops an appraisal opinion under the applicable credential framework. A BPO is a broker's written price opinion with Illinois purpose and disclosure requirements.
- Question cue
- Do not let the word opinion erase the licensing boundary.
- Terms
- Appraisal vs. AVM
- Difference
- An appraisal involves an appraiser's professional analysis and responsibility. An AVM uses a mathematical model and database to estimate value without becoming an appraisal merely because it outputs a number.
- Question cue
- Professional assignment versus automated estimate.
- Terms
- Appraisal vs. home inspection
- Difference
- An appraisal analyzes value. A home inspection evaluates observable condition and systems within the inspection agreement's scope.
- Question cue
- Value question versus condition question.
- Terms
- Appraised value vs. contract price
- Difference
- Appraised value is a supported opinion as of an effective date. Contract price is the amount the buyer and seller agreed for their particular transaction.
- Question cue
- Opinion under conditions versus negotiated fact.
- Terms
- Effective date vs. report date
- Difference
- The effective date tells when the value opinion applies. The report date tells when the report was completed or signed.
- Question cue
- Value date versus communication date.
- Terms
- Client vs. intended user
- Difference
- The client engages the appraiser for the assignment. An intended user is identified by the appraiser based on communication with the client at assignment inception. A person can be one, both, or neither.
- Question cue
- Who engages versus who may rely as identified.
- Terms
- Extraordinary assumption vs. hypothetical condition
- Difference
- An extraordinary assumption treats an uncertain assignment-specific fact as true and could affect results if false. A hypothetical condition assumes something contrary to known fact for analysis.
- Question cue
- Uncertain fact assumed true versus known contrary-to-fact premise.
- Terms
- Inspection date vs. effective date
- Difference
- The inspection date records when the appraiser or data collector observed the property. The effective date controls the time context for value.
- Question cue
- Observation time versus valuation time.
- Terms
- Reconciliation vs. averaging
- Difference
- Reconciliation weighs evidence according to relevance, reliability, and applicability. Averaging gives numbers a mechanical weight without that judgment.
- Question cue
- Reasoned weighting versus arithmetic shortcut.
- Terms
- Appraisal review vs. new appraisal
- Difference
- An appraisal review develops an opinion about the quality of another appraiser's work. It becomes a different or additional valuation task if the reviewer also develops an independent value opinion.
- Question cue
- Quality opinion versus property value opinion.
The V-A-L-U-E appraisal file
- Valuation question: identify the client, intended users, intended use, subject, property interest, value definition, effective date, relevant characteristics, assignment conditions, and legal jurisdiction.
- Assignment scope: choose the inspection extent, research depth, data period, market area, verification, approaches, analyses, specialists, technology, and report detail needed for credible results.
- Land and market evidence: verify physical, legal, economic, location, ownership, lease, tax, zoning, contract, listing, comparable, rent, expense, and market-trend information as of the effective date.
- Use and approaches: test highest and best use, develop each applicable approach, support adjustments or inputs, recognize uncertainty, and explain why an approach is meaningful or omitted.
- Explain and reconcile: weigh the best evidence, state the value conclusion, disclose assumptions and limitations, sign the certification, preserve the workfile, and communicate only for the identified use and users.
- Date
- Effective date
- What happened
- The value opinion applies
- Exam meaning
- Controls the market and property facts considered
- Date
- Inspection date
- What happened
- The property was observed
- Exam meaning
- May differ from the value date
- Date
- Report date
- What happened
- The report was completed or signed
- Exam meaning
- Shows when results were communicated
- Date
- Contract date
- What happened
- The parties formed or amended their deal
- Exam meaning
- Transaction evidence, not automatically the value date
How do the rules work in scenarios?
The effective date changes the answer
Scenario: An appraiser inspects a house on May 20 and signs the report on May 24. The estate assignment asks for market value as of the owner's date of death on January 15.
- January 15 is the retrospective effective date required by the assignment.
- The May observation can help identify characteristics, but the appraiser must account for any condition change after January 15.
- Market evidence and conditions must be analyzed in the January 15 time frame.
Answer: The value opinion applies to January 15, not the inspection or report date.
The lease changes the property interest
Scenario: An investor owns a retail building subject to a long-term below-market lease. The assignment asks for the value of the owner's leased fee interest.
- The owner's rights are affected by the existing lease.
- Fee-simple analysis as though the lease does not exist would answer a different question.
- The appraiser analyzes contract rent, market rent, lease term, options, expenses, and risk for the leased fee interest.
Answer: Value the leased fee interest defined in the assignment, not an assumed unencumbered fee simple interest.
Three approaches do not earn equal weight
Scenario: A stabilized 60-unit apartment property produces an income indication of $8.2 million, sales comparison of $8.0 million, and a poorly supported cost indication of $10.4 million.
- Investors typically focus on income and market transactions for this property type.
- The cost indication is less reliable if land, cost, or depreciation data are weak.
- Reconciliation weighs relevance and support rather than averaging all three figures to $8.87 million.
Answer: Give greater weight to the well-supported income and sales evidence and explain the conclusion.
A factual correction is not value pressure
Scenario: The appraisal describes the subject as having two bedrooms, but the permit, floor plan, and appraiser's photograph support three legal bedrooms. The broker sends those records without demanding a number.
- A material factual error can properly be identified through the client's correction or reconsideration process.
- Reliable documents and a clear explanation help the appraiser evaluate the issue.
- Demanding that value be raised to the contract price would cross into improper result pressure.
Answer: Submit the verified fact through the proper channel and let the appraiser decide its effect.
The borrower pays but is not necessarily the client
Scenario: A buyer pays a $650 appraisal fee on the loan estimate. The lender orders the appraisal for underwriting and identifies itself as the client.
- Paying or reimbursing the cost does not determine who engaged the appraiser.
- The lender remains the client on the stated facts.
- The buyer can have federal rights to receive the valuation copy without gaining authority to direct the appraiser.
Answer: The lender is the client, while the buyer's copy rights arise separately.
A broker license does not turn a CMA into an appraisal
Scenario: An Illinois broker prepares a pricing analysis for a seller and labels it an appraisal because it contains six comparable sales and an estimated range.
- The amount of data does not decide the legal category.
- Illinois treats a CMA as a broker product and requires the applicable disclosures.
- Representing it as an appraisal misstates the service and professional capacity.
Answer: Call and disclose it as a CMA, not an appraisal, unless a properly credentialed appraiser performs a separate appraisal assignment.
Technology finds an outlier but does not resolve it
Scenario: A regression tool flags one comparable as statistically unusual. The sale involved an adjacent-owner assemblage purchase at a premium that the database did not identify.
- The tool usefully calls attention to the observation.
- Transaction verification explains why the sale differs from typical buyer behavior.
- The appraiser decides whether to exclude, adjust, or limit the sale's weight and documents the reasoning.
Answer: Use technology as evidence support, then apply verified market analysis and professional judgment.
What are the common exam traps?
- Trap
- Treating the appraisal as a guaranteed selling price
- Correction
- An appraisal is an opinion under defined conditions and date, not a promise that a buyer will pay the conclusion.
- Trap
- Assuming the contract price must equal appraised value
- Correction
- Contract price reflects one negotiated deal; appraised market value applies a stated definition and market evidence.
- Trap
- Calling the inspection the appraisal
- Correction
- Property observation can be one task within the scope, while the appraisal includes the full development of the value opinion.
- Trap
- Using report date as the effective date
- Correction
- Read the report for the expressly stated effective date. It can be earlier or later than the report date.
- Trap
- Assuming every assignment requires an interior inspection
- Correction
- Inspection extent depends on the problem, required scope, applicable law, and client or program rules. The scope still must support credible results.
- Trap
- Averaging three approaches
- Correction
- Reconciliation gives weight according to evidence quality, applicability, and market behavior.
- Trap
- Confusing payer with client
- Correction
- Client status comes from the assignment relationship, not merely who reimburses the appraisal cost.
- Trap
- Assuming possession of the report permits every use
- Correction
- The report identifies the intended use and intended users. Receipt alone does not make a person an intended user.
- Trap
- Treating a CMA as a cheaper appraisal
- Correction
- A CMA is a different brokerage product with different authority, purpose, disclosures, and professional capacity.
- Trap
- Calling an AVM an appraisal
- Correction
- An automated estimate is a valuation product, but it does not become an appraisal merely because the output looks precise.
- Trap
- Believing an appraisal approves the loan
- Correction
- The appraiser provides a value opinion. The creditor separately decides underwriting, eligibility, collateral acceptance, and loan terms.
- Trap
- Pressuring for the contract number
- Correction
- Relevant facts and comparables may be submitted through proper channels, but no party should condition work or access on reaching a target value.
- Trap
- Treating the highest and best use as whatever earns most revenue
- Correction
- The use must first be legally permissible, physically possible, and financially feasible before maximal productivity is compared.
- Trap
- Assuming software owns the conclusion
- Correction
- The appraiser remains responsible for selecting, understanding, testing, and disclosing technology use as required.
- Trap
- Using protected-class composition as value evidence
- Correction
- Protected characteristics are not legitimate value adjustments. Analyze property and market evidence without discriminatory assumptions or coded proxies.
Can you answer these original practice questions?
These questions are original study items aligned to the published outline. They are not copied, recalled, or predicted PSI questions.
1. Which statement best describes an appraisal?
- A supported value opinion for an identified assignment
- A guarantee of the next sale price
- Any online estimate
- A building-code certificate
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A supported value opinion for an identified assignment
The assignment identifies the property interest, value question, use, users, date, scope, and support.
2. An opinion applies to June 1, the property was observed June 5, and the report was signed June 8. What is the effective date?
- June 1
- June 5
- June 8
- The closing date only
Show answer and explanation
Answer: June 1
The effective date is the date to which the value opinion applies.
3. What should an appraiser do during reconciliation?
- Weigh indications according to relevance and reliability
- Always average all indications
- Select the number nearest contract price
- Use the cost approach in every assignment
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Weigh indications according to relevance and reliability
Reconciliation is a reasoned evaluation of the evidence, not a mechanical formula.
4. Which item is not automatically determined by who pays the fee?
- The appraisal client
- The amount charged
- The receipt
- The payment date
Show answer and explanation
Answer: The appraisal client
The client engages the appraiser; a borrower can pay the fee without being the client.
5. An Illinois broker prepares a CMA for a prospective seller. Which label is correct?
- Comparative market analysis, not an appraisal
- Certified appraisal
- Tax assessment
- USPAP certification
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Comparative market analysis, not an appraisal
Illinois law maintains a clear boundary between broker pricing products and appraisals.
6. Which order correctly begins highest and best use analysis?
- Legally permissible, then physically possible
- Most profitable, then legal
- Existing use, then highest rent
- Newest use, then lowest cost
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Legally permissible, then physically possible
A use that is illegal or physically impossible cannot survive to financial testing.
7. What does an extraordinary assumption address?
- An uncertain assignment-specific fact treated as true
- A known fact deliberately treated as false
- A guaranteed future event
- An arithmetic correction
Show answer and explanation
Answer: An uncertain assignment-specific fact treated as true
If the assumption proves false, assignment results could be affected.
8. Which action best respects appraisal independence?
- Submit verified factual corrections without demanding a target value
- Withhold future assignments unless value rises
- Pay only if the contract price is reached
- Tell the appraiser which sales must control
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Submit verified factual corrections without demanding a target value
Relevant information can be shared through proper procedures without coercing the conclusion.
9. Under current Regulation B, which application generally triggers appraisal-copy rights under section 1002.14?
- Credit secured by a first lien on a dwelling
- Every cash purchase
- Every commercial lease
- A renter's security-deposit application
Show answer and explanation
Answer: Credit secured by a first lien on a dwelling
The rule covers appraisals and other written valuations developed for that covered credit application.
10. Which USPAP statement is current as of August 1, 2026?
- The 2024 edition remains current and is updated as needed
- A 2026 USPAP edition automatically replaced it
- USPAP ended on December 31, 2025
- Technology removes the appraiser's responsibility
Show answer and explanation
Answer: The 2024 edition remains current and is updated as needed
The Appraisal Foundation identifies January 1, 2024 as the most recent effective update and adopted AO 41 technology guidance in April 2026.
How should you study this area?
- Session
- Session 1
- Focus
- Define the assignment
- Proof you are ready
- Build 20 appraisal problem statements with client, users, use, subject, property interest, value definition, effective date, relevant characteristics, and assignment conditions.
- Session
- Session 2
- Focus
- Separate the dates and roles
- Proof you are ready
- Classify 30 prompts by effective, inspection, report, contract, or closing date and by client, intended user, borrower, appraiser, broker, lender, or AMC role.
- Session
- Session 3
- Focus
- Choose scope and evidence
- Proof you are ready
- For 15 residential, commercial, retrospective, and unusual-property files, state the inspection, research, verification, market, approach, and reporting work needed for credibility.
- Session
- Session 4
- Focus
- Apply and reconcile approaches
- Proof you are ready
- Solve 24 approach-selection and reconciliation cases, explaining the market logic for weighting sales, cost, or income evidence without averaging by habit.
- Session
- Session 5
- Focus
- Police the Illinois boundary
- Proof you are ready
- Sort 24 products and communications into appraisal, appraisal review, CMA, BPO, AVM, home inspection, tax assessment, or underwriting, then state the required professional role.
- Session
- Session 6
- Focus
- Run the V-A-L-U-E file
- Proof you are ready
- Score at least 90 percent on original questions and explain every miss through valuation question, assignment scope, land and market evidence, use and approaches, or explanation and reconciliation.
Do not count recognition as mastery. Close the notes and explain the rule, apply it to a new fact pattern, and identify why each distractor fails.
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Questions students ask about What Is an Appraisal? Illinois Real Estate Exam Guide
What is a real estate appraisal?
A real estate appraisal is a supported opinion of the value of an identified property interest for a stated purpose, intended use, intended users, value definition, and effective date. Federal banking regulation describes an appraisal as a written statement independently and impartially prepared by a qualified appraiser and supported by relevant market information.
What does a real estate appraiser actually value?
The appraiser values an identified real property interest, not merely a building. The interest might be fee simple, leased fee, leasehold, a condominium unit, an easement, a life estate, a partial interest, or another defined bundle of rights. Changing the interest can change the analysis and result.
What are the three approaches to value?
They are the sales comparison approach, cost approach, and income approach. The appraiser decides which approaches are applicable and develops them with credible data. Reconciliation weighs the quality and relevance of the indications. It is not an automatic average of three numbers.
Is the appraisal date the same as the inspection date?
Not necessarily. The effective date is the date to which the value opinion applies. The inspection date is when an observation occurred, and the report date is when the appraiser signed or transmitted the report. A retrospective appraisal can have an effective date before both the inspection and report dates.
Is an appraisal the same as a home inspection?
No. An appraisal addresses value for the assignment. A home inspection generally examines systems and physical condition for defects or maintenance concerns. An appraiser observes characteristics relevant to value but does not guarantee structural soundness, code compliance, environmental safety, title, or the performance of concealed systems.
Is a CMA or BPO an appraisal in Illinois?
No. Illinois defines a comparative market analysis and broker price opinion as brokerage products, not appraisals. Section 10-45 of the Real Estate License Act permits them for stated purposes and requires written disclosures, including that the product is not an appraisal and the preparer is not acting as a state-certified real estate appraiser.
Who can perform an appraisal in Illinois?
The assignment, transaction, law, and client rules determine the required credential. IDFPR currently regulates associate real estate trainee appraisers, certified residential real estate appraisers, certified general real estate appraisers, temporary practice appraisers, and appraisal management companies. A trainee works within the applicable supervision structure, and each appraiser must remain within legal and competency limits.
Does paying for an appraisal make the borrower the client?
No. Payment does not by itself determine the client. In a mortgage assignment, the lender or another ordering party is commonly the client. The borrower may be an intended user or receive a copy under applicable law without becoming the appraiser's client or gaining authority to direct the result.
Can a buyer receive a copy of a lender appraisal?
For an application secured by a first lien on a dwelling, current Regulation B generally requires the creditor to provide copies of appraisals and other written valuations promptly upon completion or three business days before consummation or account opening, whichever is earlier. The rule includes limited timing-waiver provisions and applies even when an application is denied, withdrawn, or incomplete.
Which USPAP edition is current on August 1, 2026?
The 2024 edition remains the current USPAP edition. The Appraisal Foundation says it became effective January 1, 2024 and is updated as needed rather than on an automatic two-year expiration cycle. Advisory Opinion 41 on use of technology was adopted April 23, 2026 and addresses tools such as AVMs, statistical software, and generative AI.
Are these official PSI questions or appraisal advice?
No. The practice questions are original and aligned to the public Illinois exam outline. The legal and regulatory sources were checked through August 1, 2026. A live assignment requires the engagement terms, complete report, applicable law, lender or agency rules, current market evidence, and advice from the responsible professionals.
Primary sources
- PSI Illinois Candidate Information Booklet effective June 24, 2026
- 12 CFR 34.42, current federal definitions of appraisal, market value, property, and federally related transaction
- 225 ILCS 458, current Illinois Real Estate Appraiser Licensing Act of 2002
- Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, current appraiser credentials, applications, laws, rules, and resources
- The Appraisal Foundation, current 2024 USPAP status and Advisory Opinion 41 adopted April 23, 2026
- The Appraisal Foundation, current USPAP and 2026 Guidance and Reference Manual course information
- 225 ILCS 454/1-10, Illinois definitions stating that a BPO and CMA are not appraisals
- 225 ILCS 454/10-45, permitted Illinois BPO and CMA purposes, disclosures, and mortgage-origination limit
- 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1450.790, current Illinois rule for a dual broker and appraiser preparing a CMA or BPO
- Regulation B, 12 CFR 1002.14, current appraisal and written valuation copy rules for first-lien dwelling applications
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, current Fair Housing Act protected-class overview
The current official outline controls the tested scope. Statutes, regulations, and official agency materials control when a general study rule and a jurisdiction-specific rule differ.
Editorial status
Checked against primary sources
The Pass Illinois editorial team last checked this guide on August 1, 2026. Every practice question is an original study item, and the source links above let you verify the rules that support the lesson.